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  Contradictions and Deep-Seated Issues: The Real Challenges Facing the MMSS in Haiti By Patrick Prézeau Stephenson   (le français suit) The recent conflicting declarations by Leslie Voltaire, a member of the Conseil Présidentiel de Transition (CPT), and Kenyan President William Ruto about the mission of the Multinational Security Support (MMSS) in Haiti, highlight an enduring problem: the persistent ineffectiveness of international interventions in Haiti. Voltaire’s statement that the MMSS will not engage directly with gangs contradicts Ruto’s vision of a proactive security mission[1,2]. This dissonance underscores a fundamental issue: international missions in Haiti have historically failed because they do not address the deep-rooted structural problems that perpetuate instability. Historical Context of International Interventions in Haiti International interventions in Haiti have a long and checkered history, marked by a series of efforts that have largely failed t...

  Is Haiti Heading For A Security Farce With A Toothless MMSS? By Patrick Prézeau Stephenson  (Le français suit) The recent announcement by Leslie Voltaire, a member of the Transitional Presidential Council (CPT), that Kenyan-led Multinational Security Support Mission (MMSS) forces will not directly engage Haitian gangs, in an interview with France 24 on Tuesday, May 21, raises serious concerns about the effectiveness of this international security mission [1,2]. Add to this the news that the CPT has appointed a National Security Council (NSC) whose composition remains unknown, as well as reported delays in the acquisition of essential military equipment, and there is growing uncertainty about the ability of the MMSS mission to restore stability in Haiti [3,4]. This essay explores whether Haiti is indeed headed for a toothless MMSS and the implications of such a development. Context and Challenges Haiti is in the throes of a severe security crisis, with gangs controlli...